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The datasets from which these PYPL forecasts are drawn originate from FactSet. They represent the aggregated estimates made available to academics or practitioners via the Institutional Brokers’ Estimate System (IBES). Although this seems like a fair way of predicting future profits given that they have some level expertise in investment banking, studies show there's still an optimism bias present among these professionals.

Regression-based models suffer from the use of past earnings in a linear or exponential framework. This can lead to bias because these models assume that future performance will mirror historical trends exactly, whereas business cycle dynamics and seasonality may introduce randomness over time periods.

While there is a clear consensus that a factor-based approach to investment is rewarded over time, it goes without saying that the implementation of factor investing strategies, especially in the world of long-only money-management, is rarely subject to the same consensus. Index providers who offer funds that generally contain a small number of stocks in relation to the size and risk level they are designed for, often do so by selecting certain conditions or factors within each company.

For example, some commercial indexes aim at proportionality between price movements and dividends paid out over time while others look exclusively on liquidity considerations alone; yet still more restrict their selection criteria based around corporate governance issues like transparency reports rating various aspects such as soundness levels among others relevant metrics available about any given firm when deciding whether it should be included into an investor’s portfolio.

Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund Seasonality

Components
Historical price and seasonality data
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Seasonality

This multi-factor forecast for Paypal Holdings (PYPL) is based on a weighted average of five factor-dervied forecasts.
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XLRE Seasonality Chart

Left-hand side y-axis coordinates measure return in percentage.

See seasonal chart with year by year performance

XLRE Seasonal Returns

XLRE Seasonal Probabilities

XLRE Seasonal Returns Previous 8 Years

Month Mean Median Win Freq
January -0.66680 -0.37616 42.86000
February -1.35882 -0.27515 57.14000
March 2.94589 4.34929 71.43000
April 1.68230 -0.13091 42.86000
May 0.71472 1.25484 85.71000
June 1.74818 1.84984 85.71000
July 3.50564 3.37026 100.00000
August 0.25574 0.65419 71.43000
September -3.72269 -2.23405 14.29000
October 0.37393 0.37393 62.50000
November 2.03361 2.03361 50.00000
December 1.70894 1.63996 71.43000
All Seasonality Visualizations

XLRE Seasonal Returns Previous 8 Years

Month Mean
January -0.66680
February -1.35882
March 2.94589
April 1.68230
May 0.71472
June 1.74818
July 3.50564
August 0.25574
September -3.72269
October 0.37393
November 2.03361
December 1.70894

About Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund

About Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund

XLRE is an exchange traded fund whose portfolio is comprised of Real Estate sector stocks. This investment seeks to provide the same performance as stocks in the Real Estate Select Sector Index. The index includes securities of companies from the following industries: real estate management and development, REITs, excluding mortgage REITs.

When is the best month to buy XLRE?

Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund has performed the best during the month of July, during which shares have returned an average of 3.51% over the last 8 years.

When is the worst month to buy XLRE?

Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund has performed the worst during the month of September, during which shares have returned an average of -3.72% over the last 8 years.
About Market Seasonality
Seasonality can be defined as the predictable changes that occur over a one-year period in an economy, market or business, based on the seasons of the calendar year.

Academic research supports the notion that seasonal pricing patterns occur with regularity in futures contracts of commodities with fixed maturities, most notably in the natural gas and crude oil markets.

For example, Ewald, Haugom, Stordal, Lien and Wu find evidence for seasonality in futures products that appears distinct from the seasonal patterns in spot price for the respective commodities.

Traders often attempt to take advantage of seasonal patterns through spread trades that hold long and short positions in assets of differing maturities simultaneously or across related assets in financial products such as equity sector ETFs, index futures or commodities.

Investors in individual equities may take seasonality into account when when analyzing the impact that seasonal changes may have on the fortunes of particular companies. For example, for many businesses, sales can vary depending on the season. In such cases, the share prices of business that experience higher profits during specific seasons may simultaneously register significant gains while later giving them back during off-peak periods.
All Seasonality Visualizations

Seasonality

This chart shows the seasonal tendencies  of the share price of Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund XLRE over the last 8 years.
Components
Historical price and seasonality data
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XLRE
Guest Commentary
Robson Chow is a hedge fund manager
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